Final Blog Curation of Resources

This section is for the curation of resources of my final blog.

References for Final Blog

Advancing equity in ontario: Understanding key concepts. (n.d.). Retrieved March 1, 2022, from https://ontario.cmha.ca/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Advancing-Equity-In-Mental-Health-Final1.pdf

This is a report to help understand the importance of health equity within mental health. It is also a report to help the Canadian Mental Health Association (CMHA) lay the foundation for the next steps in trying to gain health equity within mental health. The social determinants of health are used to show inequities that people living with mental health illness are experiencing.

Canada, P. H. A. of. (2020, October 7). Government of Canada. Social determinants of health and health inequalities - Canada.ca. Retrieved April 2, 2022, from https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/health- promotion/population-health/what-determines-health.html

Government webpage discussing the social determinants of health.

Carruth, L., Martinez, C., Smith, L., Donato, K., Piñones-Rivera, C., & Quesada, J. (2021). Structural vulnerability: Migration and health in social context. BMJ Global Health 6 :e005109. doi:10.1136/ bmjgh-2021-005109

Article used to define structural vulnerability.

Cooper, M. B., Chacko, M., Professor, Christner, J., & Dean. (n.d.). Incorporating LGBT health in an undergraduate medical education curriculum through the construct of Social Determinants of Health. MedEdPORTAL. Retrieved April 2, 2022, from https://www.mededportal.org/doi/full/10.15766/mep_2374-8265.10781

An article to break down the importance of LGBT education to be placed in undergrad medical school education. Physicians reported that they did not do full and proper exams on LGBT because they were uncomfortable and or not fully educated on what to assess.

Dahlgreen, G. and Whitehead, M. (1991). Policies and Strategies to Promote Social Equity in Health. Stockholm: Institute for Future Studies.

Diagram utilized in blog to show the determinants of health within broader aspects of society.

DeCamp, M., DeSalvo, K., & Dzeng, E. (2020). Ethics and spheres of influence in addressing social determinants of health. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 35(9), 2743–2745. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-020-05973-1

This article focuses on the importance of the social determinants of health and whether or not they should be screened universally or targetted. The authors described spheres of influence and how it originated from a military and political standpoint and how it is now being utilized within the social determinants of health.

Dover, D. C., & Belon, A. P. (2019). The health equity measurement framework: A comprehensive model to measure social inequities in health. International Journal for Equity in Health 18(36). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-019- 0935-0

The authors discuss the health equity model framework and how it was specifically designed to measure the direct and indirect effects of the social determinants of health to measure health equity. The authors highlight areas that should be influenced by public policy including non health (education and labour) in recognizing how their policies influence population health and and what their role is in health equity.

Fish, J., & Karban, K. (Eds.). (2015). Lesbian, gay, bisexual and trans health inequalities: International perspectives in social work. Policy Press.

A book used to describe health inequalities within the LGBT groups. Discusses how sexual orientation should have been included in the social determinants of health. Discusses the fact that LGBT individuals are sometimes fired just for being LGBT. Talks about how LGBT individuals were only included in health policies in the past because members of the LGBT community advocated to be included.

Fredrickson-Goldsen, K. I., Simoni, J. M., Kim, H-J., Lehavot, K., Walters, K. L., Yang, J., Hoy-Ellis, C. P., & Muraco, A. (2014). The health equity promotion model: Reconceptualization of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) health disparities. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 84(6), 653-663. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/ort0000030

Discussing that few studies have focused on LGBT health and outcomes. Look at the social determinants of health to depict the outcomes of health for some LGBT individuals. Discusses marginalized social status are linked to disparities in health outcomes.

Higgins, R., Hansen, B., Jackson, B.E., Shaw, A., & Lachowsky, N., J. (2021). At-a-glance- Programs and interventions promoting health equity in LGBTQ2+ populations in Canada through action on social determinants of health. Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention in Canada, 41(12), 431-435. https://doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.41.12.04

Discusses the fact that LGBT individuals have a poorer health then their heterosexual peers. Chronic diseases that LGBT are at higher risk for include certain cancer and cardiovascular disease. Stigma and discrimination play a role in the overall health of the individual.

Huber, M. (2011). Health: How should we define it? British Medical Journal, 343,(7817), 235-237. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.d4163 (link http://www.jstor.org/stable/23051314)

This article examines the WHO’s definition of health and how it is not always relevant with today’s definition of health and how individuals live with their disease.

Lick, D. J., Durso, L. E., & Johnson, K. L. (2013). Minority stress and physical health among sexual minorities. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 8(5), 521–548. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691613497965

Authors reiterate that LGBT individuals are not just at risk for mental health issues but more evidence is showing physical health conditions as well. The authors argue that a lot of the physical health concerns are related to stress endured by the individual.

MediLexicon International. (n.d.). Health equity: Definition, examples, and action. Medical News Today. Retrieved April 2, 2022, from https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/health-equity#equality-disparity-and-equity

An article that discusses the differences between health equality and health equity. Discusses social determinants of health and how they affect health disparities and what next steps should be to help focus on this problem and to move forward.

Mental health. CMHA Ontario. (n.d.). Retrieved April 3, 2022, from https://ontario.cmha.ca/documents/lesbian-gay- bisexual-trans-queer-identified-people-and-mental-health/

Facts and statistics of the mental health and other health conditions faced by the LGBT.

Peterson, A., Charles, V., Yeung, D., & Coyle, K. (2021). The health equity framework: A science- and justice-based model for public health researchers and practitioners. Health Promotion Practice, 22(6), 741–746. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524839920950730

This article describes the Health Equity Framework. The authors focus on how health outcomes are influenced by complex interactions between people and their environments. This framework centers on three foundational concepts: Equity at the core of health outcomes, multiple, interacting spheres of influence, and historical and life course perspective. The framework intentionally focuses on health outcomes at a population level, rather than the individual in order to elevate and shift our understanding of health equity.

Planning and Evaluation Framework. Middlesex-London Health Unit. (n.d.). Retrieved March 2, 2022, from https://www.healthunit.com/planning-and-evaluation-framework

This is a concept guide of how the Middlesex London Health Unit is looking at health equities and planning and implementing the use of them upstream, midstream and downstream.

Queer history timeline. QueerEvents.ca. (n.d.). Retrieved April 2, 2022, from https://www.queerevents.ca/queer- history/canadian-history-timeline

Timeline of events of LGBT history

Schreiber, M., Ahmad, T., Scott, M., Imrie, K., & Razack, S. (2021). The case for a Canadian standard for 2SLGBTQIA+ medication education. Canadian Medical Association Journal CMAJ, 193(16) E562-E565. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.202642

The authors discuss that 2SLGBTQIA+ individuals have lower rates of having a family physician, that they are not in the curriculum in medicine or nursing school and that moving forward this should be a priority so the medical professional competency can increase.